Cve 2023 2136 - Apr 19, 2023 · このうち「CVE-2023-2136:Skia の整数オーバーフローの欠陥」について、Googleは既にエクスプロイトが存在することを認識しているとの事。早急なアップデートの適用が必要です。 CVE-2023-2133:Service Worker API での範囲外のメモリ アクセス

 
CVE-2023-2136 2023-04-19T00:00:00 Description. Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the .... Peperomnia lilian1 1024x1024.jpeg

Apr 19, 2023 · CVE-2023-2136: Integer overflow in Skia. CVE-2023-2137: Heap buffer overflow in sqlite. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for arbitrary code execution in the context of the logged on user. CVE-2023-2033. Learn more at National Vulnerability Database (NVD) • CVSS Severity Rating • Fix Information • Vulnerable Software Versions • SCAP Mappings • CPE Information. Apr 19, 2023 · NVD Analysts use publicly available information to associate vector strings and CVSS scores. We also display any CVSS information provided within the CVE List from the CNA. Note: NVD Analysts have published a CVSS score for this CVE based on publicly available information at the time of analysis. The CNA has not provided a score within the CVE ... OCSP revocation status of recipient certificates was not checked when sending S/Mime encrypted email, and revoked certificates would be accepted. Thunderbird versions from 68 to 102.9.1 were affected by this bug. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 102.10. CVE-2023-2133 2023-04-19T04:15:00 Description. Out of bounds memory access in Service Worker API in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker to ...A recently discovered high-severity security vulnerability, labelled CVE-2023-2136, in Google Chrome web browser's Skia component leaves users at risk of a sandbox escape attack. Sandbox escapes allow attackers to execute arbitrary code on a user's computer, potentially leading to unauthorized access or sensitive data theft. The vulnerability is present inNVD Analysts use publicly available information to associate vector strings and CVSS scores. We also display any CVSS information provided within the CVE List from the CNA. Note: The NVD and the CNA have provided the same score. When this occurs only the CNA information is displayed, but the Acceptance Level icon for the CNA is given a ...NVD Analysts use publicly available information to associate vector strings and CVSS scores. We also display any CVSS information provided within the CVE List from the CNA. Note: NVD Analysts have published a CVSS score for this CVE based on publicly available information at the time of analysis. The CNA has not provided a score within the CVE ...Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High) CVE-2023-41266. A path traversal vulnerability found in Qlik Sense Enterprise for Windows for versions May 2023 Patch 3 and earlier, February 2023 Patch 7 and earlier, November 2022 Patch 10 and earlier, and August 2022 Patch 12 and earlier allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to generate an anonymous session.CVE-2023-29084 Detail. CVE-2023-29084. Detail. Modified. This vulnerability has been modified since it was last analyzed by the NVD. It is awaiting reanalysis which may result in further changes to the information provided.Overview. This is a DoS Proof-of-Concept of OpenSSH 9.1p1 Double-Free Vulnerability CVE-2023-25136. It will trigger the double-free and cause an abort crash. For a comprehensive understanding, check out the accompanying blog post for in-depth details. Description. Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High) Ratings & Analysis. Vulnerability Details.Google says that it “is aware that an exploit for CVE-2023-2033 exists in the wild.” This means that patches need to be installed urgently. This particular vulnerability exists in Chromium’s V8 engine. Chrome, Edge, Brave, and Vivaldi are all based on the Chromium open-source Web browser project. Other Chromium-based browsers may need ...Plugins for CVE-2023-2136 . ID Name Product Family Severity; 176441: openSUSE 15 Security Update : opera (openSUSE-SU-2023:0114-1)April 19, 2023. Microsoft has released the latest Microsoft Edge Stable Channel (Version 112.0.1722.54) which incorporates the latest Security Updates of the Chromium project. This update contains a fix for CVE-2023-2136, which has been reported by the Chromium team as having an exploit in the wild.CVE-2023-2136. Detail. Modified. This vulnerability has been modified since it was last analyzed by the NVD. It is awaiting reanalysis which may result in further changes to the information provided.Feb 8, 2023 · OpenSSH Pre-Auth Double Free CVE-2023-25136 – Writeup and Proof-of-Concept. OpenSSH’s newly released version 9.2p1 contains a fix for a double-free vulnerability. Given the severe potential impact of the vulnerability on OpenSSH servers (DoS/RCE) and its high popularity in the industry, this security fix prompted the JFrog Security Research ... We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Apr 11, 2023 · # CVE-2023-29537: Data Races in font initialization code Reporter Looben Yang Impact high Description. Multiple race conditions in the font initialization could have led to memory corruption and execution of attacker-controlled code. References. Bug 1823365; Bug 1824200; Bug 1825569 # CVE-2023-29538: Directory information could have been leaked ... Google Chrome received important updates last week, including one that addressed a nasty bug – CVE-2023-2136, which is already under active attack. The flaw allows an attacker to bypass the sandboxing tech in the Chrome browser by exploiting an integer overflow issue in Skia graphics engine.Según los hallazgos de Google, la falla de seguridad CVE-2023-2136 se está explotando activamente en la naturaleza. Una biblioteca de gráficos 2D llamada Skia, que se usa con frecuencia en navegadores web, sistemas operativos y otras aplicaciones de software, tiene una falla conocida como CVE-2023-2136, que es una vulnerabilidad de ...CVE-2023-2136 Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures. Upstream information. CVE-2023-2136 at MITRE. Description Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page.Overview. This is a DoS Proof-of-Concept of OpenSSH 9.1p1 Double-Free Vulnerability CVE-2023-25136. It will trigger the double-free and cause an abort crash. For a comprehensive understanding, check out the accompanying blog post for in-depth details.In the April 19, 2023 release note, it said "This fix (CVE-2023-2136) only impacted the Linux, macOS, and Android operating systems". The April 24, 2023 update you've mentioned was done for M109 Windows down-level extended support. Microsoft is shipping 109 to Win 7, 8, and 8.1 (including Server 2012 R2 which is based on Win 8.1).Apr 20, 2023 · CVE-2023-2136 is a disclosure identifier tied to a security vulnerability with the following details. Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. Apr 22, 2023 · CVE-2023-27350 (CVSS score - 9.8) - PaperCut MF/NG Improper Access Control Vulnerability CVE-2023-2136 (CVSS score - TBD) - Google Chrome Skia Integer Overflow Vulnerability "In a cluster deployment, MinIO returns all environment variables, including MINIO_SECRET_KEY and MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD, resulting in information disclosure," MinIO ... Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)Plugins for CVE-2023-2136 . ID Name Product Family Severity; 176441: openSUSE 15 Security Update : opera (openSUSE-SU-2023:0114-1)The third exploited vulnerability, CVE-2023-2136, is a critical-severity bug discovered in Skia, Google's open-source multi-platform 2D graphics library. It was initially disclosed as a zero-day vulnerability in the Chrome browser and allows a remote attacker who has taken over the renderer process to perform a sandbox escape and implement ...CVE-2023-2136 2023-04-19T00:00:00 Description. Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the ...Apr 19, 2023 · CVE-2023-2136 GHSA ID. GHSA-63j8-q3xx-g3c2. Source code. No known source code Dependabot alerts are not supported on this advisory because it does not have a package ... Fix Available for Double Free Vulnerability in OpenSSH 9.1 (CVE-2023-25136) February 27, 2023. CVE-2023-25136, a pre-authentication double-free vulnerability, has been fixed in OpenSSH version 9.2p1. The vulnerability is highly severe, with a CVSS score of 9.8, and could be used to cause a denial-of-service (DoS) or remote code execution (RCE).CVE-2023-2136. I nteger overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)Description. OpenSSH server (sshd) 9.1 introduced a double-free vulnerability during options.kex_algorithms handling. This is fixed in OpenSSH 9.2. The double free can be leveraged, by an unauthenticated remote attacker in the default configuration, to jump to any location in the sshd address space.Apr 14, 2023 · The high-severity vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2023-2033, is described as a type confusion in the Chrome V8 JavaScript engine. “Google is aware that an exploit for CVE-2023-2033 exists in the wild,” the company said in a barebones advisory that credits Clément Lecigne of Google’s Threat Analysis Group for reporting the issue. Overview. This is a DoS Proof-of-Concept of OpenSSH 9.1p1 Double-Free Vulnerability CVE-2023-25136. It will trigger the double-free and cause an abort crash. For a comprehensive understanding, check out the accompanying blog post for in-depth details. Apr 19, 2023 · CVE-2023-2136 GHSA ID. GHSA-63j8-q3xx-g3c2. Source code. No known source code Dependabot alerts are not supported on this advisory because it does not have a package ... We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session. You switched accounts on another tab or window.CVE-2023-21714: Microsoft Office Information Disclosure Vulnerability CVE-2023-21713: Microsoft SQL Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2023-21710: Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2023-21709: Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability CVE-2023-21707In response, Google has released a new version of Chrome that patches CVE-2023-2136 along with the other three high-level vulnerabilities and eight in total. To trigger the update, you need to ...Plugins for CVE-2023-2136 . ID Name Product Family Severity; 176441: openSUSE 15 Security Update : opera (openSUSE-SU-2023:0114-1)Overview. This is a DoS Proof-of-Concept of OpenSSH 9.1p1 Double-Free Vulnerability CVE-2023-25136. It will trigger the double-free and cause an abort crash. For a comprehensive understanding, check out the accompanying blog post for in-depth details. Release Date: 21 Apr 2023 3720 Views. RISK: Extremely High Risk. TYPE: Clients - Browsers. A vulnerability was identified in Microsoft Edge. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to trigger remote code execution on the targeted system.Feb 22, 2023 · CVE-2023-0933 Detail Description Integer overflow in PDF in Google Chrome prior to 110.0.5481.177 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted PDF file. Apr 19, 2023 · This vulnerability was named CVE-2023-2136. Successful exploitation requires user interaction by the victim. Technical details are unknown but an exploit is available. The structure of the vulnerability defines a possible price range of USD $5k-$25k at the moment ( estimation calculated on 05/13/2023 ). There are reports of vulnerabilities CVE-2023-26083, CVE-2021-29256, and CVE-2023-2136 being exploited in the wild. SYSTEMS AFFECTED: Android OS patch levels prior to 2023-07-05We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.NVD Analysts use publicly available information to associate vector strings and CVSS scores. We also display any CVSS information provided within the CVE List from the CNA. Note: The NVD and the CNA have provided the same score. When this occurs only the CNA information is displayed, but the Acceptance Level icon for the CNA is given a ... Vulnerability Details : CVE-2023-2136 Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page.In the April 19, 2023 release note, it said "This fix (CVE-2023-2136) only impacted the Linux, macOS, and Android operating systems". The April 24, 2023 update you've mentioned was done for M109 Windows down-level extended support. Microsoft is shipping 109 to Win 7, 8, and 8.1 (including Server 2012 R2 which is based on Win 8.1).We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.CVE-2023-2136 Learn more at National Vulnerability Database (NVD) • CVSS Severity Rating • Fix Information • Vulnerable Software Versions • SCAP Mappings • CPE Information Description Description. Type confusion in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 108.0.5359.94 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High) April 19, 2023. Microsoft has released the latest Microsoft Edge Stable Channel (Version 112.0.1722.54) which incorporates the latest Security Updates of the Chromium project. This update contains a fix for CVE-2023-2136, which has been reported by the Chromium team as having an exploit in the wild.CVE-2023-2136 is an integer overflow vulnerability in Skia, a 2D graphics library commonly used in web browsers, operating systems, and other software applications. An integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation results in a value that exceeds the maximum limit of the integer type, causing the value to wrap around and become a much ...Jul 5, 2023 · There are reports of vulnerabilities CVE-2023-26083, CVE-2021-29256, and CVE-2023-2136 being exploited in the wild. SYSTEMS AFFECTED: Android OS patch levels prior to 2023-07-05 [$3000] High CVE-2023-2135: Use after free in DevTools. Reported by Cassidy Kim(@cassidy6564) on 2023-03-14 [$NA] High CVE-2023-2136: Integer overflow in Skia. Reported by Clément Lecigne of Google's Threat Analysis Group on 2023-04-12 [$1000] Medium CVE-2023-2137: Heap buffer overflow in sqlite. Reported by Nan Wang(@eternalsakura13) and ...TOTAL CVE Records: 210995 NOTICE: Transition to the all-new CVE website at WWW.CVE.ORG and CVE Record Format JSON are underway. NOTICE: Legacy CVE List download formats will be phased out beginning January 1, 2024. New CVE List download format is available now.Description. OpenSSH server (sshd) 9.1 introduced a double-free vulnerability during options.kex_algorithms handling. This is fixed in OpenSSH 9.2. The double free can be leveraged, by an unauthenticated remote attacker in the default configuration, to jump to any location in the sshd address space.Googleは火曜、Chromeブラウザ内で見つかった新たなゼロデイ脆弱性CVE-2023-2136へのパッチを発表した。同ゼロデイはSkiaにおける整数オーバーフローの脆弱性で、深刻度は「High(高)」とされている。Googleは、同脆弱性のエクスプロイトがすでに存在していることを認識している、と述べている。CVE-2023-2136 is an integer overflow vulnerability found in Skia. Skia is a Google-owned, cross-platform, open-source 2D graphics library written in C++. It plays a crucial role in Chrome’s rendering pipeline by providing APIs for graphics, text, shapes, images, and animations.CVE-2023-27350 (CVSS score - 9.8) - PaperCut MF/NG Improper Access Control Vulnerability CVE-2023-2136 (CVSS score - TBD) - Google Chrome Skia Integer Overflow Vulnerability "In a cluster deployment, MinIO returns all environment variables, including MINIO_SECRET_KEY and MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD, resulting in information disclosure," MinIO ...CISA adds CVE-2023-28252 to exploits being actively exploited in the wild for ransomware attacks. Make sure you patch this ASAP. Microsoft has patched a zero-day vulnerability in the Windows Common Log File System (CLFS), actively exploited by cybercriminals to escalate privileges and deploy Nokoyawa ransomware payloads. NVD Analysts use publicly available information to associate vector strings and CVSS scores. We also display any CVSS information provided within the CVE List from the CNA. Note: NVD Analysts have published a CVSS score for this CVE based on publicly available information at the time of analysis. The CNA has not provided a score within the CVE ...TOTAL CVE Records: Transition to the all-new CVE website at Legacy CVE List download formats will be phased out beginning January 1, 2024 New CVE List download format is. > CVE-2023-0101. • CVSS Severity Rating • Fix Information • Vulnerable Software Versions • SCAP Mappings • CPE Information. Note: Apr 20, 2023 · Once installed the update will fix a number of exploits including the Google Chrome exploit CVE-2023-2136 the second vulnerability discovered this year in the Chrome browser. For more information ... CVE-2023-2136 Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures. Upstream information. CVE-2023-2136 at MITRE. Description Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. CVE-2023-21714: Microsoft Office Information Disclosure Vulnerability CVE-2023-21713: Microsoft SQL Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2023-21710: Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability CVE-2023-21709: Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability CVE-2023-21707 TOTAL CVE Records: 210995 NOTICE: Transition to the all-new CVE website at WWW.CVE.ORG and CVE Record Format JSON are underway. NOTICE: Legacy CVE List download formats will be phased out beginning January 1, 2024. New CVE List download format is available now.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. OCSP revocation status of recipient certificates was not checked when sending S/Mime encrypted email, and revoked certificates would be accepted. Thunderbird versions from 68 to 102.9.1 were affected by this bug. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 102.10.Description. Record truncated, showing 500 of 645 characters. View Entire Change Record. A vulnerability in the OpenAPI of Cisco Secure Workload could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with the privileges of a read-only user to execute operations that should require Administrator privileges. The attacker would need valid user credentials.[$3000] High CVE-2023-2135: Use after free in DevTools. Reported by Cassidy Kim(@cassidy6564) on 2023-03-14 [$NA] High CVE-2023-2136: Integer overflow in Skia. Reported by Clément Lecigne of Google's Threat Analysis Group on 2023-04-12 [$1000] Medium CVE-2023-2137: Heap buffer overflow in sqlite. Reported by Nan Wang(@eternalsakura13) and ...CVE-2023-2136 2023-04-19T04:15:00 Description. Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the ... TOTAL CVE Records: Transition to the all-new CVE website at Legacy CVE List download formats will be phased out beginning January 1, 2024 New CVE List download format is. > CVE-2023-0101. • CVSS Severity Rating • Fix Information • Vulnerable Software Versions • SCAP Mappings • CPE Information. Note:We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Sep 4, 2023 · Browse, filter by detection status, or search by CVE to get visibility into upcoming and new detections (QIDs) for all severities. Disclaimer: The Vulnerability Detection Pipeline is intended to give users an early insight into some of the CVEs the Qualys Research Team is investigating. It may not show all the CVEs that are actively being ... CVE-2023-2136: Integer overflow in Skia. CVE-2023-2137: Heap buffer overflow in sqlite. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for arbitrary code execution in the context of the logged on user.Jun 26, 2023 · CVE-2023-29084 Detail. CVE-2023-29084. Detail. Modified. This vulnerability has been modified since it was last analyzed by the NVD. It is awaiting reanalysis which may result in further changes to the information provided. Apr 19, 2023 · Según los hallazgos de Google, la falla de seguridad CVE-2023-2136 se está explotando activamente en la naturaleza. Una biblioteca de gráficos 2D llamada Skia, que se usa con frecuencia en navegadores web, sistemas operativos y otras aplicaciones de software, tiene una falla conocida como CVE-2023-2136, que es una vulnerabilidad de ... The good news is that Google’s been working double-time to patch these flaws. The fix for CVE-2023-2136 is already rolling out, arriving as Chrome version 112.0.5615.137. How to update Google ChromeApr 20, 2023 · CVE-2023-2136 is a disclosure identifier tied to a security vulnerability with the following details. Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. Apr 19, 2023 · The good news is that Google’s been working double-time to patch these flaws. The fix for CVE-2023-2136 is already rolling out, arriving as Chrome version 112.0.5615.137. How to update Google Chrome NVD Analysts use publicly available information to associate vector strings and CVSS scores. We also display any CVSS information provided within the CVE List from the CNA. Note: NVD Analysts have published a CVSS score for this CVE based on publicly available information at the time of analysis. The CNA has not provided a score within the CVE ...In a shocking development, Google has rushed to release an emergency fix for yet another high-severity zero-day exploit in its Chrome web browser . The flaw, known as CVE-2023-2136, is a result of an integer overflow in Skia, an open source 2D graphics library, which was discovered by Clément Lecigne of Google's Threat Analysis Group (TAG) on April 12, 2023 .CVE-2023-2136 Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures. Upstream information. CVE-2023-2136 at MITRE. Description Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. Uncovering the Chrome Exploit: CVE-2023-2136 | Learn how to protect yourself from remote attacker and unauthorized access to your sensitive information.🔴 Su...

Go to the global search drop-down menu. Select Vulnerability and key in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) ID that you're looking for, for example "CVE-2018-5568", then select the search icon. The Weaknesses page opens with the CVE information that you're looking for.. Rethramis adventurer

cve 2023 2136

This vulnerability was named CVE-2023-2136. Successful exploitation requires user interaction by the victim. Technical details are unknown but an exploit is available. The structure of the vulnerability defines a possible price range of USD $5k-$25k at the moment ( estimation calculated on 05/13/2023 ).CVE-2023-2136 is an integer overflow vulnerability in Skia, a 2D graphics library commonly used in web browsers, operating systems, and other software applications. An integer overflow occurs when an arithmetic operation results in a value that exceeds the maximum limit of the integer type, causing the value to wrap around and become a much ...Overview Recently, NSFOCUS CERT found that Google officially fixed an integer overflow vulnerability in Chrome Skia (CVE-2023-2136). Due to a flaw in Skia, when the value exceeds the maximum limit of integer type due to arithmetic operations, an integer overflow will occur. The attacker triggers this vulnerability by inducing users to open a specially crafted […]Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High) CVE-2023-2136. Name. CVE-2023-2136. Description. Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High) Source. CVE (at NVD; CERT, LWN, oss-sec, fulldisc, Red Hat ...CVE-2023-2136 2023-04-19T00:00:00 Description. Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 112.0.5615.137 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Googleは火曜、Chromeブラウザ内で見つかった新たなゼロデイ脆弱性CVE-2023-2136へのパッチを発表した。同ゼロデイはSkiaにおける整数オーバーフローの脆弱性で、深刻度は「High(高)」とされている。Googleは、同脆弱性のエクスプロイトがすでに存在していることを認識している、と述べている。Once installed the update will fix a number of exploits including the Google Chrome exploit CVE-2023-2136 the second vulnerability discovered this year in the Chrome browser. For more information ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Description. Record truncated, showing 500 of 645 characters. View Entire Change Record. A vulnerability in the OpenAPI of Cisco Secure Workload could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with the privileges of a read-only user to execute operations that should require Administrator privileges. The attacker would need valid user credentials. .

Popular Topics